Research Scientist/Author
I grew up in Pennsylvania and have had a lifelong fascination with insects. I went to Penn State University and received a B.S. in Biology and later an M.S. in Entomology with Dr. Clarence Collison as my advisor. I went to Michigan State University and received a Ph.D. with Dr. Roger Hoopingarner as my advisor. After graduating from MSU, I joined the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Tucson, Arizona. I spent 39 years in Federal service at the Tucson Bee Lab first as a Research Scientist and then as Research Leader of the Lab. During that time, I conducted research in crop pollination, Africanized bees, Varroa mites, fungicide effects on colony and queen health, nutrition, and most recently, the effects of climate change on colony survival. Upon retirement, I joined the Faculty at Arizona State University where I continue my research in climate change effects on honey bees and building models to identify the combinations of factors that cause honey bee colonies to decline.